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ObjectiveTo observe the role of parvalbumin interneuron-mediated disinhibition in the antidepressant effects of ketamine.MethodsForty-eight adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the following four groups (n=12): group Saline + Saline (group SS), group LPS + Saline (group LS), group Saline + Ketamine (group SK) and group LPS + Ketamine (group LK). The depression model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS (1 mg/kg), and ketamine (10 mg/kg) or physiological saline (equal volume) intraperitoneally injected 20 hours later. Four hours after ketamine administration, the open field test and the forced swimming test were performed. The hippocampus was harvested after the behavioral test. PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of PV and GAD67. Electrophysiology were used to detect the change of miniExcitatory post-synaptic current of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus CA1 region.ResultsCompared with the group SS, the time spent in the center zone of the arena was significantly decreased, the immobility time was significantly increased, the mRNA and protein content of PV were significantly increased, the amplitude and frequency of miniEPSC were significantly decreased in the group LS (P0.05).ConclusionKetamine can exert rapid antidepressant effects by down-regulating the expression of PV and then exerting disinhibition regulation on pyramidal neurons.
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Safflower is a dried flower of the annual herbaceous plant safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). As a traditional Chinese medicine, it was widely used in the regulation of blood circulation. Flavonoids are the main active ingredients in safflower. MYB transcription factors are involved in the regulation of flavonoids. The cloning and expression analysis of MYB transcription factor genes in safflower is of great significance, not only for clarifying the regulation mechanism of flavonoids biosynthesis in safflower, but also for the artificial regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in safflower. Based on the transcriptome data, we used iTAK to annotate the MYB transcription factors in safflower. The MYB transcription factors were cloned and their sequences were analyzed. Besides, their expressions were analyzed by a Real-time PCR. In the experiment, eight long fragment MYB transcription factors were screened and six MYB transcription factors was successfully cloned, named CtMYB-TF1, CtMYB-TF2, CtMYB-TF4, CtMYB-TF5, CtMYB-TF6 and CtMYB-TF7, respectively. The six MYB transcription factors had the core domain of MYB transcription factor family, and evolutionary analysis showed that the CtMYB-TF7 transcription factor was closely related to the factors AtMYBL2 and AtMYB12. Expression analysis showed that the expression of CtMYB-TF5, CtMYB-TF6 and CtMYB-TF7 was low in roots, stems and leaves, and was high in the flower. The results provide a foundation for study of mechanism of molecular regulation of safflower flavonoids.
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OBJECTIVE: To prepare the transferrin modified harmine magnetoliposomes and investigate its in vitro properties and antitumor effect. METHODS: Transferrin modified harmine magnetoliposomes was prepared by reverse phase evaporation method. The size, Zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, drug loading efficiency, release rate and plasma stability of liposomes were investigated. Furthermore, cytotoxicity to liver cancer and glioma were investigated too. RESULTS: The transferrin modified harmine magnetoliposomes were successfully prepared. The average size of liposomes was (184.7±8.08)nm.The average Zeta potential was (-12.4±0.896) mV and average entrapment efficiency was (84.67±6.26)%. Drug loading efficiency was (9.14±4.54)%. Transferrin modified harmine magnetoliposomes released more slowly and were more stable in rat plasma than harmine solution. The results of cytotoxicity test showed that the cell inhibitory effect of transferrin modified harmine magnetoliposomes was enhanced compared with other groups, and the cell inhibitory effect of this preparation was more obvious underwhen cells were put under magnetic field compared with those under the non-magnetic field(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This method can be successfully used to prepared transferrin modified harmine magnetoliposomes, and liposomes can inhibit the cell visbility of liver cancer and human glioma cells significantly.
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OBJECTIVES@#To identify the drop-off location of victims in drowning cases, and confirm whether it is a fatal drowning or the victim is thrown into the water after death by detecting part of 5.8S sequence and second internal transcribed spacer （ITS2） （5.8S+ITS2） of diatom rDNA in water and organs.@*METHODS@#Two cases identified by diatom examination, which received by Nanjing Municipal Public Security Bureau Forensic Center, were taken as the research objects. The difference of the population structure of algae in water and human tissue was analysed by length polymorphism of 5.8S+ITS2 marker.@*RESULTS@#In case 1, similar species of diatom were detected from victim's lung and liver tissues and the water sample. Two kinds of DNA fragments with length of 330 bp and 376 bp were detected from victim's lung tissue and the water sample using 5.8S+ITS2 marker, which could confirm the victim was drowning before death. In case 2, there was no diatom found in victim's lung and liver tissues. Only one kind of DNA fragment with length of 331 bp and low relative fluorescence unit （RFU） was obtained from victim's lung tissue using 5.8S+ITS2 marker, thus the victim was thrown into the water after death.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The experimental results of the two cases in present study are consistent with the actual facts and the result of the diatom microscopic examination. The difference of population structure of specific microorganism in water and human tissue can be detected by 5.8S+ITS2 marker, which can help to identify the drop-off location of victims in drowning cases, and confirm whether it is a fatal drowning or the victim is thrown into the water after death.
Subject(s)
Humans , DNA, Ribosomal/analysis , Diatoms/genetics , Drowning/diagnosis , Liver , LungABSTRACT
Human's application of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) has a long history, but the origin remains unclear. Safflower was introduced into China for traditional Chinese medicine, and Sichuan was major producing area. However, in recent years, the main producing area is in Xinjiang province, in contrast Sichuan safflower is difficult to find. By reading relevant document literature and the production and marketing information of safflower, and having field investigation in the main producing areas, the origin of safflower and the reasons of producing areas' changes were explored. The origin of safflower is considered as the Fertile Crescent in reasonably. The change of producing areas in China is effected by the factors of natural environment and society. The suitability of producing areas and quality of safflower still need to study further.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the work capability and its influencing factors in public health workers. METHODS: By the stratified cluster sampling method,2 688 public health workers were selected. The Work Ability Index( WAI)questionnaire was used to measure the work capability. The conscious work pressure was survey. RESULTS: The score of WAI for public health workers was( 37. 1 ± 5. 1),which was in the middle level. Male public health workers had higher score of WAI than that of female workers( P < 0. 01); the scores of WAI for public health workers with municipal units were higher than those with provincial units( P < 0. 05). The work ability decreased with the increase of work pressure(P < 0. 05). The public health workers who had moderate pressure,high pressure and very high pressure were more likely to have reduced work capability than those who had low pressure( P < 0. 01). Female public health workers were more likely to have lower work capability than that of male workers( P < 0. 01). Public health workers with provincial units were more likely to have lower work capability than that of municipal units( P < 0. 01). Workers with high education background,married and in charge of departments were less likely to have low work capability( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION:s Education background,work pressure,middle and senior level of management were the major contributors of work capability. The key factors to improve work capability of public health workers are to improve educational level,reduce work pressure and create a good promotion platform for public health workers.
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<p><b>AIM</b>The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the cardiac physiological characteristics for adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia in chickens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Tibetan, Dwarf Recessive White and Shouguang chickens were fed at low-and high-altitude, and measurements were made in heart weights, lactic acid (LA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) at the age of 10 weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The results showed that Tibetan chickens at high-altitude had lower heart weight and LA content, and similar LDH activity, and higher SDH activity when compared to Dwarf Recessive White and Shouguang chickens.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It was concluded that the cardiac mechanisms of high-altitude hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chickens were increasing neither heart weight, nor level of anaerobic metabolism, but the higher SDH activity was significant to the adaptation. The SDH was a symbol enzyme for hypoxic adaptation in Tibetan chicken.</p>